Metabolic surgery is a method used to treat diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and high cholesterol. Metabolic syndrome diseases require treatment. If left untreated, it reduces the quality of life of the person. It not only reduces but also threatens the life of the person.
What is Metabolic Surgery?
Metabolic surgery is of great importance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It cannot be completely cured, but it is minimized with medications, insulin supplementation and weight control. Metabolic surgery regulates blood sugar and prevents diabetes-related syndromes. Cardiovascular diseases and kidney problems occur in case of high blood sugar. Thanks to these surgical procedures, these diseases are prevented. Although metabolic surgery is important in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, it is not an effective method for type 1 diabetes patients.
How is Metabolic Surgery Performed?
All metabolic surgery procedures are closed surgeries. These procedures, which are performed by making a maximum of 6 incisions, differ within themselves. The common feature of these procedures is the intervention in the stomach. The aim is to reduce appetite and thus restrict food intake. Thanks to these operations, food reaches the last part of the small intestine in a shortcut. Metabolic surgery methods include:
- Transit Bipartition
- Duodenal switch and SADI-S
- Ileal interposition
- Gastrikby-pass
- Sleevegastectomy (sleeve gastrectomy)
- Minigastric by-pass
What is Transit Bipartition?
In the transit bipartition procedure, unlike other procedures, a second exit is provided from the entire last segment of the small intestine to the lower part of the stomach. Thanks to this procedure, the food is passed through all segments of the small intestine. As a result of this procedure, approximately 1/3 of the food passes through the duodenum, which is the natural route, and 2/3 of the food passes through the last part of the small intestine thanks to the new connection.
What are Duodenal Switch and SADI-S?
Duodenal switch and SADI-S are identical in terms of their effects. However, the risks of SADI-S surgery are lower because it involves a gastrointestinal junction. Duodenal switch and SADI-S are highly effective surgeries both in weight loss and in solving metabolic problems, especially diabetes. In this operation, the length of the intestine is reduced to 250 cm. It reduces the absorption of fats and calories in food at a rate higher than gastric bypass. High weight loss is achieved in these operations. However, patients experience severe vitamin, mineral and protein deficiencies despite supportive treatment.
What is ileal interposition?
Ileal Interposition is the process of replacing the end part of the small intestine with the beginning part. With this procedure, hormones that cause insulin resistance are deactivated. The aim is to increase hormone levels that increase insulin sensitivity. Ileal Interposition surgery is originally sleeve gastrectomy (sleeve gastrectomy) combined with the ileum segment. With this procedure, it is moved to a different area of the digestive system.
What are the Risks of Metabolic Surgery?
Metabolic surgery has risks. These risks are as follows:
- 0.3% clotting problem,
- 0.3% stenosis problems,
- 0.9% Bleeding risk,
- 1-2% chance of a leak,
- Anesthesia problems depending on the person,
- 0.2% patients lose their lives
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Intestinal obstruction,
- Hernia
Success Rate of Metabolic Surgery
The success rate of metabolic surgery is 95%. Thanks to metabolic surgery, weight loss caused by certain reasons is achieved. In this process, patients also regress in type 2 diabetes. Necessary examinations and controls should be performed in these surgeries with a high success rate. It carries greater risks for patients who are not at a certain weight. In general, metabolic surgery is performed on patients diagnosed with obesity. If the body mass index is not above 35, these surgeries increase the risk factors for the person. For this reason, it is important to proceed on doctor's advice.
